2.2 MATERIALS CONSUMED AND OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

“Materials Consumed” includes mainly the raw materials used and the changes in inventories in 2016.

“Other Operating Expenses” includes mainly services rendered by third parties under subcontracting arrangements and independent professional services.

The sum of these headings increased by EUR 125 million from EUR 5,878 million at 31 December 2015 to EUR 6,003 million at 31 December 2016. This increase is explained basically by the inclusion of Broadspectrum in the scope of consolidation, which gave rise to an impact of EUR 364 million. This change was partially cushioned by the changes in exchange rates, which gave rise to an impact of EUR -314 million.