2.2 MATERIALS CONSUMED AND OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES
“Materials Consumed” includes mainly the raw materials used and the changes in inventories in 2017.
“Other Operating Expenses” includes mainly services rendered by third parties under subcontracting arrangements and independent professional services.
(Millions of euros) |
2017 |
2016 |
CHANGE 17/16 |
Total materials consumed |
1,345 |
1,267 |
78 |
Work performed by other companies |
3,464 |
3,065 |
400 |
Leases |
523 |
412 |
111 |
Repair and upkeep |
209 |
192 |
16 |
Independent professional services |
364 |
360 |
3 |
Changes in provisions and allowances (Note 6.3) |
-111 |
-117 |
6 |
Other operating expenses |
839 |
824 |
25 |
Total other operating expenses |
5,288 |
4,736 |
552 |
Total materials consumed and other operating expenses |
6,633 |
6,003 |
630 |
The sum of these headings increased by EUR 630 million from EUR 6,003 million at 31 December 2016 to EUR 6,633 million at 31 December 2017. This increase is explained basically by services rendered by third parties under subcontracting arrangements in the Construction Division and lease expenses on machinery and vehicles in the Construction and Services Divisions.